Museum of Fine Art Kunsthistorisches Museum Essay Example For Students

Exhibition hall of Fine Art: Kunsthistorisches Museum Essay The Museum of Fine Arts building is situated at Wiener Reintegrates, at the contrary side of the Undernourishment Museum. The inside of the Constructionists Museum, marked by Karl non Hastener, is dynamite, with huge marble sections, fantastic flights of stairs and sculptures. The tremendous assortment of the historical center was amassed by the Hapsburg rulers, and subsequently is an impression of their own preferences. The Gemlike, the assortment of works of art, is one of the biggest on the planet and ranges a time from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. Particularly very much spoke to are Flemish craftsmen. Dutch, Italian (fundamentally Venetian) and Spanish specialists are likewise all around spoke to. The historical center additionally has an astounding assortment Of German works of art from specialists, for example, Albrecht Udder and Hans Holing the Younger. Theres something other than compositions in the Constructionists Museum however. On the ground floor are Roman and Greek relics; here youll locate an enormous number of sculptures and busts from Roman heads just as Greek jars and sculptures. One of the exhibition halls most significant articles, the Ceiling Salt Cellar mold by Benevolent Ceiling, was taken on May 11, 2003 and recuperated on January 21, 2006, in a crate covered in a timberland close to the town of Sweetly, Austria, It had been the greatest workmanship burglary in Austrian history One tooth best occasions to visit the Constructionists Museum is Thursday, when you can appreciate a luxurious gourmet supper (?39) in the vault rotunda.. This gallery is the historical center for you in the event that you like to appreciate various sorts of craftsmanship over various zones of time, I love Egyptian workmanship and this gallery does an intensive and excellent display on Egyptian bits of craftsmanship. In the event that you don't communicate in German I can't suggest the audiogram enough at G every me and my accomplice shared winding up getting much increasingly out of the shows as the entirety of the little signs with data are in German. The audiogram Vass simple to utilize, unmistakable and intriguing.

Fundamentals of Effective Communication in the Workplace

Basics of Effective Communication in the Workplace Natalie Manuel Professor Thomas Whenever Intro to Business August 3, 2014 There are a couple of times where I encountered powerful correspondence in a business situation. Once specifically, I accept everybody showed conveying successfully. At work there is a ton of bedlam on occasion on the grounds that there aren't numerous plans or rules set up for clients in regards to specific parts of the business. My collaborator and I chose to make a couple of archives that can be .NET to the client in certain situations.I work for GE oil and gas and we manage clients who may require/need to restore their blower for some reasons. We made an ARM approval return structure to keep everything composed. The structure was point by point and gave all the data the client needs just as the significant data we would need to process the arrival. Alongside this structure, we made a standard request agenda. A great deal of times we get client Pop's that ha s missing data, mistaken evaluating, incorrectly trade data or off base seller data, among other things.We made an archive that was intended to be disseminated to all the wholesalers and Memo's. The records were sent to all the agents for audit. Quickly we were met with issues from them. This is the place the correspondence came in. We set-up for there to be a phone call with us and the salesman. When we had the option to have the gathering, all inquiries and concerns were put on the table. Having an open discourse is significant in business and throughout everyday life. With this telephone call, we had the option to alter a portion of the announcements on the comments.As well as take a few things off. When that was finished, we had the option to send these structures out to the clients. Starting there on the impact it had on the business was an expansion profitability. There were less Pop send backs to clients for revisions. That satisfied the clients to such an extent! Satisfying the clients is consistently the objective, they help the business develop. The vast majority of the clients truly valued the assistance that the structures gave them. Without the telephone call, none of this would have been possible.It could have been anything but difficult to take the salesman issues and disregard them. I find in business a great deal that individuals and their thoughts are overlooked. It just purposes strain and doubt. We comprehended that none of this was close to home. Everybody had an incredible enthusiasm for seeing the business develop. Working things out, downplays misconceptions. On the off chance that I needed to do it once more, I wouldn't modify anything. Viable correspondence ought to be the objective for all organizations. â€Å"Effective correspondence in the working environment enables representatives and administrators to frame exceptionally proficient groups. Essentials of Effective Communication in the Workplace Essentials of Effective Communication in the Workplace Natalie Manuel Professor Thomas Whenever Intro to Business August 3, 2014 There are a couple of times where I encountered powerful correspondence in a business domain. Once specifically, I accept everybody exhibited conveying viably. At work there is a ton of turmoil on occasion in light of the fact that there aren't numerous plans or rules set up for clients with respect to specific parts of the business. My associate and I chose to make a couple of records that can be .NET to the client in certain situations.I work for GE oil and gas and we manage clients who may require/need to restore their blower for some reasons. We made an ARM approval return structure to keep everything sorted out. The structure was exceptionally nitty gritty and given all the data the client needs just as the significant data we would need to process the arrival. Alongside this structure, we made a standard request agenda. A great deal of times we get cl ient Pop's that has missing data, off base evaluating, incorrectly trade data or mistaken merchant data, among other things.We made a report that was intended to be dispersed to all the wholesalers and Memo's. The records were sent to all the salesmen for survey. Quickly we were met with issues from them. This is the place the correspondence came in. We set-up for there to be a phone call with us and the salesperson. When we had the option to have the gathering, all inquiries and concerns were put on the table. Having an open exchange is significant in business and throughout everyday life. With this phone call, we had the option to alter a portion of the announcements on the comments.As well as take a few things off. When that was finished, we had the option to send these structures out to the clients. Starting there on the impact it had on the business was an expansion efficiency. There were less Pop send backs to clients for remedies. That satisfied the clients to such an extent! Satisfying the clients is consistently the objective, they help the business develop. The greater part of the clients truly valued the assistance that the structures gave them. Without the phone call, none of this would have been possible.It could have been anything but difficult to take the agent issues and overlook them. I find in business a ton that individuals and their thoughts are disregarded. It just aims pressure and doubt. We comprehended that none of this was close to home. Everybody had an incredible enthusiasm for seeing the business develop. Working things out, downplays false impressions. In the event that I needed to do it once more, I wouldn't modify anything. Powerful correspondence ought to be the objective for all organizations. â€Å"Effective correspondence in the work environment enables representatives and chiefs to shape profoundly productive groups.

How to Spot a Dangerous Man Book Review

How to Spot a Dangerous Man Book Review Relationships Violence and Abuse Print How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved Book Review By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Updated on May 30, 2019 georgeclerk / Getty Images More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved by Sandra L. Brown describes eight types of dangerous men, explores why some women are attracted to dangerous men, gives red flags and red alerts for each, and includes stories of successes and failures. This book is intended for all women who have a history of bad relationships and want to regain control of their lives. A Clash of Biases Something just didnt feel right about the way this useful information was presented. Sandra Browns bias is that so-called dangerous men are so fundamentally flawed that there is no point in getting involved with these men, or staying with them if you are already in a relationship, because they will never, ever stop being dangerous, or stop using you to meet their own needs. You might find that your bias is the oppositeâ€"that you believe everyone is capable of change and that relationships take work and commitment. However, if a man has been physically or sexually violent to you or your children, you should get as far away from him as possible, immediately. As a reader, you will have to make up your own mind about whether you believe the man you are potentially interested in is dangerous and worth the risks that are laid out in this book. The Eight Types of Dangerous Man Dangerous men, defined as pathological and personality disordered, are presented as eight different types, some of which may overlap in the same man. In particular, the addict overlaps with all of the other types. Brown identifies the eight types of dangerous men as: The Permanent Clingerâ€"Needy, self-identified victims whose chief danger is sucking the life out of you.The Parental Seekerâ€"Immature men who want you to look after them.The Emotionally Unavailable Manâ€"Men who are already committed to another partner and wont commit to you.The Man With the Hidden Lifeâ€"Men who are hiding secrets that should be disclosed to a partner, such as children, disease, a criminal past, or an addiction.The Mentally Ill Manâ€"A man at any level of functioning who has a mental illness.The Addictâ€"This catch-all category includes any man who has any kind of addiction, including alcohol and drugs, sex, gambling, food, and a number of other behaviors, including work.The Abusive or Violent Manâ€"Men who are abusive in any way, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse.The Emotional Predatorâ€"Men who seek out and torment vulnerable women, including psychopaths. Why These Categories Can Be Misleading This stereotyping of men is stigmatizing and thus harmful. Many people go through difficulties which could be identified in these categories, but that doesnt put them on a par with criminals and psychopaths. Many people with addictions and mental health problems have loving relationships with their partners and families, and many people with and without addictions go through these struggles in their lives without being dangerous. Dangerous Men Defined too Broadly There are certainly many dangerous men out there, especially in the world of addictions. This book is focused on spotting potentially dangerous romantic partners, but drug dealers and pimps can also be particularly exploitative of women who are involved in the world of illicit drugs and sex work, and it makes sense if you are involved in this world to stay informed and prevent yourself from getting hurt. But most of the men discussed in this book are not as obviously dangerous as drug dealers and pimps. And this is where it all gets a bit tricky. The premise of the book is to spot a dangerous man before getting involved, which makes the whole idea of people being innocent until proven guilty impossible. Certainly, once a man has behaved in a way that shows a lack of respect, you have something to evaluate, but much of Browns advice focuses on following your innate intuition, which basically seems to mean any sense of discomfort. Weaknesses in the Arguments Browns perspective is based on many years of working with abused women, so she has seen some of the worst situations that have arisen from women getting close to dangerous men. But to warn women about staying away from potential rapists or murderers is excessively alarmist, and as she points out, these men make a lot of effort to be charming and appear normal, so were not convinced that many women could sense whether the man she has met is one of these small minority of men. Incidentally, there have also been some well-documented cases of women, child,  and teen psychopaths, so dangerous people arent all men. What Women Need to Focus On Brown does identify some important red flags that may indicate that the man you are with is potentially harmful to you, and the relationship may not be a positive force in your life, such as: You wish he would go away, you want to cry, or you want to run.You dread his phone call.You feel bad about yourself when youre around him. However, some of the items on the same list are feelings that can occur in regular relationships, and may not indicate that your partner or potential partner is pathological, such as: You feel uncomfortable about something he has said or done, and the feeling remains.Your past and his are very different, and the two of you have conflicts over it.You think hes too charming or a little too good to be true. And still more seem to be indications that the woman actually has a problem she needs to take responsibility for, which may be nothing to do with the man, such as: You tell friends youre unsure about the relationship.You feel isolated from other relationships with friends and family.You think youre the only one who can help/love/understand him. Overall Thoughts Overall, there is some really useful information in this book for women who are involved with abusive men, people of both genders who are involved in the drug or sex industries, or who are interested in meeting a potential partner. But having a fulfilling relationship isnt just about meeting the right non-dangerous manâ€"?it also requires you to reflect on your own weaknesses and to overcome your own issues. And you wont find guidance on how to do that in How to Spot a Dangerous Man.? Disclosure: A review copy was provided by the publisher.

Causes Of The Civil War - 1740 Words

The Civil War was not an event that erupted overnight or something that no one had seen coming. It was a result of long stemming conflicts. â€Å"The road to civil war was complex and multi-faceted† (Wells, 1). These conflicts kept creating a divide amongst the states in the nation. The divide finally became so great, that the United States split into the Confederacy (South) and the Union (North), and fighting erupted. â€Å" â€Å"The Civil War,† Randall Jimerson observes, â€Å"became a total war involving the entire population precisely because both sides fought for ideological principles. Compromise and surrender were unthinkable when so much was at stake.† †(Finseth, 16). The root of the cause for the divide was slavery, but there were many other factors†¦show more content†¦This argument was based off of the fact that the word slavery was never mentioned in the Constitution, therefore they did not feel that the federal government had a say i n any matter. â€Å"Without employing the word â€Å"slavery†, the constitution†¦clearly endorsed the institution† (Wells, 10). They felt that it should be left up to the state to decide. By the terms slavery or slave(s), not being mentioned in the Constitution, the Constitution was seemingly trying to protect slavery and its slave holders. It also appeared to show that slavery was a domestic institution that was only to be controlled by the states, and that Congress and the federal government had no control in the matter. This issue on States’ rights created a division between the North and the South on the states’ right to own slaves. A second issue that arose and caused a big division in the nation was a result of the economy. The northern states operated off a total different form of economy than the southern states did. The North’s economy was built off industry, particularly the textile mills. â€Å"There was no place like it, either in terms of economic organization or urban development, in the South† (Gienapp, 4). While the South’s economy was built off farming. The south needed slaves to help tend the crops specifically the cotton, and with the invention of the cotton gin, the need for slaves greatly expanded.Show MoreRelatedCauses of the Civil War951 Words   |  4 PagesCAUSE OF THE CIVIL WAR In 1860, the world s greatest nation was locked in Civil War. The war divided the country between the North and South. There were many factors that caused this war, but the main ones were the different interpretations of the Constitution by the North and South, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the arrival of Lincoln in office. These factors were very crucial in the bringing upon of the destruction of the Union. They caused immediate war. In 1791, the tenth amendment wasRead MoreThe Causes Of The Civil War1016 Words   |  5 Pages In 1861, a Civil War broke out in the United States when the South declared their independence from the Union.  There is a great amount of reasons that people can argue how the Civil War was started. However, what most people don’t understand, is that most of the events leading up to the Civil War were related to slavery.  Slavery was the core of the North and South’s conflict, which led to a very vicious feud.   The immediate cause of the war was slavery. Southern states, including the 11 statesRead MoreThe Causes Of The Civil War1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe causes of the Civil War were complex and have been controversial since the country began. Some causes include; states’ rights, economics, and slavery. The most recognizable and popular cause is slavery. The freeing of the slaves was an important moral issue at the time and one of the greatest causes of the civil war. It was only by carefully avoiding the moral issue involved in slavery that Northerners and Southerners could meet on any common ground. (Goldston, 79). The time came in which ourRead MoreThe Cause of the Civil War800 Words   |  4 Pages The Cause of the Civil War Generally, it is thought to be the South’s fault for causing the Civil War. Contrary to popular belief, the Civil War was mainly provoked by the North; through using the federal government to overtake the South, removing slavery which would destroy Southern economy, and creating the moral issue of slavery. The North was the primary reason for the start of a war that ripped our country apart. The North had full control over the federal government and used that to suppressRead MoreCivil War Causes1382 Words   |  6 Pages Causes of the Civil War John Brown’s Raid vs. Industrial Revolution John Brown’s Raid was a more influential cause to the civil war than the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution caused incompability between the North and the South. The North relied on wage laborers with the new machine age economy while the South relied heavily on slaves. So, the North did not need slaves for their economyRead MoreThe Causes Of The Civil War1238 Words   |  5 PagesGalindo Mr. Scheet AP U.S History 5 November 2017 Unit 4 Essay The initial causes of the Civil War have been previously discussed and analyzed by historians, but have remained one of the most controversial debates, due to its numerous causes that created the most devastating war in American history. The country had been avoiding the disputes that would later become the causes of the civil war for decades. The Mexican War is proof that the issue of slavery was put on hold by President James K. PolkRead MoreCause of the Civil War1296 Words   |  6 PagesHistory 11 12/17/2006 The root causes and precipitating events that led to the Civil War (1861-1865) The Civil War between northern and southern states was a consequence of contradictions of two social systems inside the country. At the basis of these contradictions was a question of slavery, completely determining economic and political interests of South. North strived to enforce Federal government power to protect their own economic stability. As a result the South wanted a separationRead MoreCauses of the Civil War1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Causes Of The Civil War The Political War The North and South fought over politics, mainly the idea of slavery. Basically the South wanted and needed it and the North did not want it at all. The South was going to do anything they could to keep it. This was the issue that overshadowed all others. At this time the labor force in the South had about 4 million slaves. These slaves were very valuable to the slaveholding planter class. They were a huge investment to Southerners and if taken awayRead MoreThe Causes Of Civil War2004 Words   |  9 PagesGà ¶ksel What are the causes of Civil War? Do ethnic determinants play an important role? Why are certain parts of Africa characterized by ethnic conflict while other parts remain relatively calm? The conventional understanding on the causes of civil war especially within African countries, to a considerable degree, has being predominantly characterized to draw its root on ethnic divergences. However, such premise appear extremely difficult to be true, owing to the fact that civil war is a complex actionRead MoreThe Cause Of The Civil War Essay1940 Words   |  8 PagesKelah Lehart Mr. Henkel American History I October 14, 2016 The Causes of the Civil War The American Civil War divided the nation because there were tensions between the North, non-slavery states, and the South that focused on the expansion of slavery. The South believed that Abraham Lincoln planned to eliminate slavery which would destroy the growth of cotton. Eleven southern states then seceded from the Union, and became known as the Confederate States of America. When Abraham Lincoln was elected

Psy midterm paper - 1429 Words

Midterm Essay ExaminationMidterm Essay Examination1.Describe the basic functioning of a neuron beginning with receiving signals from other neurons or sense organs and ending with the transmission of a signal to another neuron. Explain how a pattern of neuron firing is related to behavior. Neurons are information- processing units in the central nervous system that receive and transmit information. It is made up of an axon, dendrites and a cell body. The nucleus and cytoplasm are contained in the cell body. The axon starts from the cell body, dividing into smaller branches and then ends at the nerve terminals. The dendrites also branch from the cell body, receiving information from the other neurons. Axons from other neurons forms†¦show more content†¦A few samples of openness would be a rich vocabulary, clear creative energy, utilization of dark words, etc. Openness persons are required to be exceptionally expressive and innovative. I figure it isnt that vital as a hereditary quality. Natures turf additionally influences on it. 3.You have been hired by a large public school system to construct a musical aptitude test. Describe how you would standardize your test and assess its reliability and validity. Explain why it might be more difficult to develop a valid musical aptitude test than a reliable one. It is difficult to develop a valid musical aptitude test because most of the time, the measures of the aptitude are misunderstood and demands that are unrealistic, made on them. Validity should be seen as construct validity. The problem sources are in two groups. The first group uses composite validity criteria. This forms the assumption that they are not dimensional. The second one uses subject groups. The groups do not represent the distribution of the construct in whole. In order to maximize the ecological validity, composite measures must be used as the criteria for validity. Legitimacy is likewise harder to acquire as a rule the individuals that have been concentrated on dont speak to the populace by and large. The music variables scope of the population concentrated on is less or more limited. The musical fitness of the gathering is not a representation of the entire group. This is explainedShow MoreRelatedPsy 100 Week 8 Assignment 2 – Adjustment Case Study – New Updated Work1210 Words   |  5 PagesPSY 100 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 – ADJUSTMENT CASE STUDY – NEW UPDATED WORK To purchase this Click here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/psy-100-week-8-assignment-2-adjustment-case-study-new-updated-work/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM PSY 100 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 - ADJUSTMENT CASE STUDY - NEW UPDATED WORK Write a three to six (3-6) page paper in which you: 1. Summarize the two (2) articles you selected from the NPR Website. 2. Describe the major adjustment issues discussed inRead MoreQuestions On A Psychological Test949 Words   |  4 PagesPSY 550 Midterm Megan Adams Short Answers The 25 questions below are worth 3 points each. 1. During World War II the U. S. Office of Strategic Services ( OSS), a predecessor to today’s Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA), used a variety of procedures and measurement tools— psychological tests among them— in selecting military personnel for highly specialized positions involving espionage, intelligence gathering, and the like. Why aren’t these methods used today? 2. What is a psychological testRead MoreForeign Language : A Longitudinal Study2008 Words   |  9 PagesSarah Gross PSY 254 / Professor Lew-Williams P012/ Clarice Robenalt Mindset Intervention Improves Adolescent Academic Achievement in Foreign Language: A Longitudinal Study I pledge my honor that this paper represents my own work in accordance with the University regulations. [Sarah Hirschfeld Gross] Introduction: The transition to adolescence can often be one of the most difficult periods in a person’s life. It is not only a period of rapid physical growth and change, but it isRead MoreThe Diverse Social Self And Self Verification1331 Words   |  6 PagesReaction Paper: The Diverse Social Self and Self-Verification and Self-Enhancement (PSY 138) Understanding the foundation of the social self, premise of self-verification and self-enhancement are crucial to the development and framework of the human psyche. This response paper will analyze the basic social self, the way humans perceive their own image and the importance of self-verification and self-enhancement (Swann et al., 1989). Once people have a good understanding of the different aspects

Total Ozone And 11 Year Solar Cycle Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(85) " over two wide parts in the western and eastern Pacific and taking their difference\." The chief purpose of the present survey is to look into further into the association between entire ozone ( TOZ ) and 11-year solar rhythm ( SC ) , during the period 1979 – 2010 by using satellite observations of TOZ and impulse flux ( MF ) . A positive correlativity between the one-year mean entire ozone ( TOZ ) over both hemispheres and macula figure ( SN ) is found. On the contrary, concentrating on the January and February mean monthly TOZ fluctuations from the equator to the high latitudes, of the Northern Hemisphere no association between TOZ and SN is derived. We will write a custom essay sample on Total Ozone And 11 Year Solar Cycle Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is attributed to the being of the quasi-biennial-oscillation ( QBO ) and the El Ni A ; ntilde ; o-Southern oscillation ( ENSO ) in TOZ clip series, . However, when sing TOZ over the zonary agencies centred at 17.5 A ; deg ; N and 27.5 A ; deg ; N and SN during the old ages of the east stage of QBO in the equatorial zonary air current at 50hPa, a important correlativity between TOZ and SN reveals. These findings are of important importance because solar radiation is a major driving force of the clime system. 1. Introduction Several surveies have shown that fluctuations in the 11-year solar irradiance and subsequent UV soaking up by ozone cause alterations in temperature and air current in the upper stratosphere ( Crooks and Gray, 2005 ; Alexandris et Al. 1999 ; Kondratyev and Varotsos 1996 ; Katsambas et Al. 1997 ) . These comparatively weak direct alterations could change the upward extension of planetary-scale moving ridges and lead to an indirect feedback on the lower ambiance through a alteration of the stratospheric mean circulation – Brewer- Dobson circulation ( Gernandt et al. 1995 ; Kodera and Kuroda, 2002 ; Tzanis and Varotsos, 2008 ; Cracknell and Varotsos 1994, 1995 ; Efstathiou et al. , 2003 ; Gernandt et al. , 1995 ; Varotsos, 2002, 2005 ; Varotsos et Al. 1994 ; Varotsos 1989, 2004 ) Matthes et Al. ( 2010 ) indicated that the one-year mean solar response in temperature and ozone in the upper stratosphere is in qualitative understanding with other mold and experimental surveies and does non depend on the presence of the imposed quasi-biennial oscillation ( QBO ) of equatorial air current. However, the solar response in the center to take down stratosphere differs significantly for the two QBO stages. During solar maxima a weaker Brewer-Dobson circulation with comparative downwelling, warming, and enhanced ozone occurs in the tropical lower stratosphere during QBO east conditions, while a stronger circulation, chilling, and decreased ozone exists during QBO west conditions. During QBO east, the combination of production and advection resulted in the net ozone addition, whereas during QBO west, the effects cancel each other and consequence in small net ozone alterations. Matthes et Al. ( 2010 ) showed besides that during Southern Hemisphere ( SH ) tardily winter to early spring, the solar response at polar latitudes switches mark between the two QBO stages and qualitatively confirms observations and other recent theoretical account surveies. Lu et Al. ( 2009 ) proposed some penetrations on the QBO modulated 11-year solar rhythm signals in Northern Hemisphere ( NH ) winter temperature and zonary air current. They used day-to-day ERA-40 Reanalysis and ECMWF Operational information for the period of 1958-2006 in order to analyze the seasonal development of the QBO-solar rhythm relationship at assorted force per unit area degrees up to the stratopause. The consequences showed that the solar signals in the NH winter extratropics are so QBO-phase dependant, traveling poleward and downward as winter progresses with a faster descent rate under westerly QBO than under eastern QBO. In the stratosphere, the signals seemed to be extremely important in late January to early March and have a life span of ?30-50 yearss. Under western QBO, the stratospheric solar signals clearly lead and connected to those in the troposphere in late March and early April where they have a life span of ?10 yearss. Sitnov ( 2009 ) utilizing entire ozone informations obtained in the period of 1957 – 2007 at 10 ground-based European Stationss, investigated the effects of the QBO and 11-year solar rhythm, attesting in entire column ozone. In this work, it was derived that solar activity modulates the stage of the QBO consequence so that the quasi-biennial entire ozone signals during solar upper limit and solar lower limit are about in opposite stage. It was besides demonstrated that stray under lasting conditions of solar lower limit or solar upper limit the QBO effects in entire ozone have the clip graduated table of about 20 months. Titova and Karol ( 2010 ) holding applied the method of discriminant analysis to the TOMS informations of satellite sounding of the entire ozone content ( TOC ) in the March months of 1979-2008, attempted to do a new estimation of the TOC field variableness in the Northern Hemisphere and inter-longitudinal regularities of its alterations under the action of climatic variableness. The effects of temperature fluctuations in the polar stratosphere, El Ni A ; ntilde ; o -Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) and QBO seemed to be comparable and make 80 DU in some parts. Titova and Karol ( 2010 ) besides proposed that the parts of TOC fluctuations and their location and dimensions change depending on the stages of QBO, AO, and ENSO. Three parts of increased TOC-over Europe, Eastern Siberia, and the Pacific Ocean-are formed in old ages with a warm stratosphere. A counterbalancing TOC lessening takes topographic point in the Torrid Zones and over Greenland. In the old ages of El Ni A ; ntilde ; O and the eastern QBO stage, the TOC increases over Europe and drops over the cardinal Pacific, every bit good as to the South from 45 A ; deg ; N. Ziemke et Al. ( 2010 ) established an ENSO index utilizing column ozone informations measured in tropical latitudes from Nimbus 7 TOMS, Earth Probe TOMS, NOAA SBUV, and Aura OMI orbiter instruments. This index, which covered a clip period from 1979 to the present, was defined as the Ozone ENSO Index ( OEI ) and it was the first developed from atmospheric hint gas measurings. OEI was constructed by first averaging monthly average column ozone over two wide parts in the western and eastern Pacific and taking their difference. You read "Total Ozone And 11 Year Solar Cycle Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" The combined Aura OMI and MLS ozone informations confirmed that zonary variableness in entire column ozone in the Torrid Zones caused by ENSO events lies about wholly in the troposphere. As a consequence, OEI can be derived straight from entire column ozone alternatively of tropospheric column ozone. For clear-sky ozone measurements a +1 K alteration in Nino 3. 4 index corresponds to +2.9DU ( Dobson Unit ) alteration in OEI, while a +1 hPa alteration in Southern Oscillation index coincides with a ?1.7DU alteration in the OEI. For ozone measurings under all cloud conditions these Numberss are +2.4DU and ?1.4DU, severally. Soukharev ( 1997 ) analyzing the monthly agencies of entire ozone, in months January to March between 1973 – 1995 on five Stationss in Northeastern Europe, indicated statistically important correlativities between the fluctuations of entire ozone in February and, partly, in March, and the SN during the different stages of QBO. Similar correspondence was established between the index of stratospheric circulation and SN sing the QBO stage. Based on the obtained correlativities between the interannual fluctuations of ozone and stratospheric circulation index, Soukharev concluded that a connexion between solar rhythm – QBO – ozone occurs through the kineticss of stratospheric circulation. Varotsos ( 1989 ) analyzing the planetary TOZ, during the period 1958-1984, suggested that there was non any apparent connexion between TOZ and 10.7 centimeter solar flux ( F10.7 ) . However, when the informations were separated harmonizing to the E or west stage of QBO in the equatorial stratosphere, it was derived that entire ozone was positively correlated ( anticorrelated ) with the solar rhythm, during the West ( east ) stage of QBO. The chief purpose of this work is to research farther the association between TOZ and solar activity, from the equator to the high latitudes in both Hemispheres over the last three solar rhythms. 2. Datas and analysis QBO informations used in the present paper were calculated at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory-Physical Science Division ( NOAA/ESRL-PSD ) from the zonary norm of the 30mb zonary air current at the equator. Those informations were computed from the NCEP/NCAR Additionally, the average monthly macula Numberss ( SN ) derived from the datasets of the National Geophysical Data Center ( NGDC ) , during the period January 1749 – October 2009, were employed. TOZ informations set, was obtained from Nimbus-7, Meteor-3, and Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS ) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument ( OMI ) , covering the period 1979-2010 ( with measuring spreads for several months of the old ages 1994, 1995 and 1996 ) . Momentum Flux ( MF ) measurings between 45 A ; deg ; N and 75 A ; deg ; N, through 1979 – 2010, obtained by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, were besides used. Finally, Ozone ENSO index ( OEI ) measurings obtained by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 613.3 Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, in the Torrid Zones during 1979 – 2010, were employed ( Ziemke et al. , 2010 ) . All clip series presented in this survey were normalized ( the long-run mean subtracted and so devided by the standard divergence ) and detrended. 3. Discussion and Consequences Several surveies argued that when the solar UV radiation is stronger, more ozone via the photolysis of O2 would be formed in the upper stratosphere, so that the maximal ozone degree would happen at the maximal solar activity. Very late, Haigh et Al. ( 2010 ) have noticed that during the worsening stage of the most recent ’11-year ‘ solar rhythm ( occurred during 2002-2009 ) there was a four to six times larger diminution in UV than would hold been predicted on the footing of our old apprehension. Haigh et Al. ( 2010 ) suggested that this decrease was partly compensated in the entire solar end product by an addition in radiation at seeable wavelengths. More unusually, they have besides showed that these spectral alterations appear to hold led to a important diminution from 2004 to 2007 in stratospheric ozone below an height of 45 kilometers, with an addition above this height. Therefore, it is interesting to re-visit the probe of the influence of the solar activity to the column ozone variableness on a planetary and hemispheric footing. 3.1. The entire ozone and solar rhythm on a planetary and hemispheric footing Along the lines above the 11-year solar rhythm and the TOZ one-year average fluctuations over the Earth, the NH and the SH, during the last solar rhythms are shown in Figure cubic decimeter ( a ) , ( B ) , ( degree Celsius ) , severally. Inspection of Figure 1 shows that an evident solar rhythm is outstanding in the TOZ information. To quantify this association the correlativity coefficients were calculated and derived statistically important ( at 95 % assurance degree ) by utilizing the non-parametric Spearman method. a ) B ) degree Celsiuss ) Figure 1. Annual average TOZ and macula figure ( as a placeholder for the 11-year solar rhythm ) over ( a ) the Earth, ( B ) the northern hemisphere, ( degree Celsius ) the southern hemisphere, during 1979 – 2010. TOZ and SN clip series have been normalized and detrended. This in-phase March of TOZ and solar activity is non surprising and it is rather consistent with the current apprehension about the solar forcing in TOZ kineticss. Harmonizing to this, the upper stratospheric ozone response ( 2-3 % between solar lower limit and solar upper limit ) is a direct radiative consequence of warming and photochemistry. The lower stratospheric solar rhythm in tropical ozone appears to be caused indirectly through a dynamical response to solar ultraviolet fluctuations. However, the beginning of such a dynamical response to the solar rhythm is non to the full understood ( WMO 2010 ) . 3.2. The entire ozone on the wintertime Northern Hemisphere and solar rhythm To acquire a better apprehension of the afore-mentioned dynamical TOZ response, the probe of the plausible relationship between TOZ and solar activity would be performed at the wintertime government of the ambiance. Of class, during winter months, the solar rhythm signal is weak compared to big atmospheric fluctuations and the signal is hence more hard to pull out ( Labitzke and new wave Loon, 1988 ) . In an effort to farther research this job, the fluctuations of the average TOZ over the NH during January/February and the corresponding SN values during the period 1979 – 2010 are plotted in Figure 2 ( a ) . a ) B ) Figure 2. ( a ) ( Jan+Feb ) /2 TOZ and SN over the northern hemisphere, during 1979 – 2010. ( B ) The running correlativities ( Rhode Island ) for twelvemonth I between the equatorial zonary air current at 50 hPa and the average TOZ for January and February. TOZ and SN clip series have been normalized and detrended. The decision drawn from Figure 1 ( a ) is that a quasi-periodic constituent ( 2- 4 year ) in the Northern Hemispheric TOZ clip series reduces unusually the above mentioned correlativity between TOZ and SN fluctuations. To look into whether this taint of the association of the TOZ and SN fluctuations by the QBO is a map of the solar activity the method of running correlativities was employed ( Kodera ( 1993 ) . The consequences obtained are shown in Figure 2 ( B ) where the running correlativities ( Rhode Island ) for twelvemonth I between the equatorial zonary air current at 50 hPa and the average TOZ for January and February do non demo an 11-y signal ( figure 2b ) . Therefore, the above-said taint by the QBO of equatorial air current, is independent of the solar rhythm, upseting any evident association between TOZ and SN. 3.3. The latitudinal dependance of the association between the wintertime TOZ and solar rhythm at the Northern Hemisphere Next, the probe of the possible association between the TOZ and SN is explored as a map of latitude. In this respect, Haigh ( 1994 ) have reported that due to the seasonality, the stratospheric ozone alterations due to solar flux fluctuation are largest at center to high latitudes in the winter hemisphere. Figure 3 ( a-f ) present the January / February mean TOZ and SN from the equator to the high latitudes, during 1979 – 2010. All these figures do non demo any evident correlativity between TOZ and solar activity, due to the taint by the quasi-periodic oscillations ( QBO and ENSO ) in the TOZ clip series. a ) B ) degree Celsiuss ) vitamin E ) vitamin D ) degree Fahrenheit ) Figure 3. ( Jan+Feb ) /2 TOZ and SN at ( a ) 7.5 A ; deg ; N, ( B ) 17.5 A ; deg ; N, ( degree Celsius ) 27.5 A ; deg ; N, ( vitamin D ) 37.5 A ; deg ; N, ( vitamin E ) 47.5 A ; deg ; N, ( degree Fahrenheit ) 57.5 A ; deg ; N, during 1979 – 2010. All clip series have been normalized and detrended. However, the solar response in the winter entire ozone at 17.5 A ; deg ; N and 27.5 A ; deg ; N seemed to differ significantly under the two QBO stages. Other surveies have besides identified solar influences on the strength and extent of the Walker circulation, that is a cell circulation in the zonal and perpendicular waies in the tropical troposphere caused by differences in heat distribution between ocean and land. Meehl et Al. ( 2008 ) and vanLoon et Al. ( 2007 ) showed a strengthening of the Walker circulation, at peak old ages of the 11-year solar rhythm, It should be reminded that when the Walker cell weakens or contraries, an El Ni A ; ntilde ; o consequences, and when Walker cell becomes strong causes a La Ni A ; ntilde ; a. 3.4. The association between the wintertime TOZ and solar rhythm at the Northern tropics ; the function of the QBO and ENSO In the followers, the January and February mean TOZ and SN informations were grouped harmonizing to the QBO stages of the equatorial zonary air current at 50hPa and were plotted against the OEI at 17.5 A ; deg ; N and 27.5 A ; deg ; N ( figure 4a-d ) . During the west stage of QBO, a statistically important anticorrelation between TOZ and OEI clip series is evident, ensuing in a quasi periodic constituent that coincides with ENSO ( Ziemke et al. 2010 ) and causes no correlativity between TOZ and SN. On the other manus, during the east stage of QBO, TOZ clip series exhibits the 11-year signal. a ) B ) degree Celsiuss ) vitamin D ) Figure 4. ( Jan+Feb ) /2 TOZ and SN at 17.5 A ; deg ; N during ( a ) the west stage of QBO and ( B ) the east stage of QBO. ( Jan+Feb ) /2 TOZ and SN at 27.5 A ; deg ; N during ( degree Celsius ) the west stage of QBO and ( vitamin D ) the east stage of QBO. The dotted lines present the OEI through 1979 – 2010 in the West and east stages of QBO. All clip series have been normalized and detrended. In the undermentioned, figure 5 ( a ) presents the February mean TOZ and SN at 17.5 A ; deg ; N, during 1979-2010, while figures 5 ( B ) , ( degree Celsius ) show the February TOZ and macula figure when the informations were grouped in the West and east stage of QBO, severally. Inspection of these figures shows an evident correlativity between TOZ and the 11-year solar rhythm, during QBO east ( statistically important correlativity at 95 % assurance degree ) . The ENSO constituent is noticeable one time more in the TOZ clip series when the informations were grouped in the west stage of QBO and is anticorrelated with OEI ( figure 5 ( B ) ) . B ) a ) degree Celsiuss ) Figure 5. February average TOZ and SN at 17.5 A ; deg ; N, through 1979-2010 ( a ) independently of the QBO stages, ( B ) for the western stages of QBO and ( degree Celsius ) for the eastern stages of QBO. The thin line with the symbol ten, in ( a ) , corresponds to the smoothened clip series of the February mean TOZ. All clip series have been normalized and detrended. a ) B ) Figure 6. ( a ) February mean TOZ at 17.5 A ; deg ; N against equatorial zonary air current at 50hPa, ( B ) temporal development of QBO upper limit and lower limit, during 1979 – 2010. All clip series have been normalized and detrended. To analyze farther the part of the QBO in the equatorial zonary air current at 50 hPa to the association between the February TOZ at 17.5 A ; deg ; N and OEI the figure 6 ( a ) is shown.. Figure 6a shows the statistically important anticorrelation between OEI and TOZ, but no any association of TOZ with QBO. The latter can likely be explained by the fact that TOZ exhibits OEI and it is modulated by the temporal development of QBO upper limit and lower limit. To give an penetration to it Figure 6 ( B ) depicts the temporal development of the difference between consecutive QBO upper limit and [ ( soap ( i+1 ) – soap ( I ) ] and the temporal development of the difference between consecutive QBO lower limit [ min ( i+1 ) – min ( I ) ] for twelvemonth ( I ) . Both the differences in the consecutive upper limit and the differences in the consecutive lower limit of QBO demonstrate the ENSO signal. 3.5. The association between the wintertime TOZ and solar rhythm at the Northern high latitudes ; the function of the QBO and ENSO Finally, in order to research the function of the atmospheric kineticss to the relationship between the TOZ and solar rhythm the interannual variableness of the February mean impulse flux ( MF ) between 45 A ; deg ; N and 75 A ; deg ; N at 50hPa, during 1979 – 2010 was studied. , . Figure 7 ( a ) depicts the clip series of MF and SN for February, while figures 7b, degree Celsius show the impulse flux and macula figure when the informations were grouped harmonizing to the QBO stage. Harmonizing to Figure 1 ( degree Celsius ) , during the old ages of the east stage of QBO an evident anticorrelation between MF and the 11-year solar rhythm is observed. A plausible account is the fact that in winter months, the polar whirl is sensitive to equatorial air current. In this context, Salby and Callaghan ( 2000 ) have found that alterations in the polar-night whirl are consistent with the solar signature observed in wintertime records of polar temperature that have been stratified harm onizing to the QBO of equatorial air current. B ) a ) degree Celsiuss ) Figure 7. February average MF and SN between 45 A ; deg ; N and 75 A ; deg ; N, through 1979-2010 ( a ) independently of the QBO stages, ( B ) for the western stages of QBO and ( degree Celsius ) for the eastern stages of QBO. All clip series have been normalized and detrended. Another decision drawn from Figure 7 is that the increased dynamical variableness occurs during the west stage of the equatorial QBO and the winter whirl is significantly weakened during solar upper limit and western stage of the quasi-biennial oscillation. 4. Decisions In this survey, a statistically important correlativity was derived between the one-year mean TOZ and SN over the Earth, the northern and the southern hemisphere, through 1979 – 2010. The evident 11-year signals in TOZ were obtained without any grouping of ozone informations harmonizing to the QBO stages of equatorial air current. Furthermore, sing the January and February mean TOZ and SN over the NH, an obvious quasi-periodic constituent was seen in the TOZ clip series, cut downing perceptibly the above mentioned correlativity between TOZ and 11-year solar rhythm. No evident correlativity was besides derived analyzing the January and February mean TOZ and SN from the equator to the high latitudes, due to the quasi-periodic constituent in the TOZ clip series, caused likely by the quasi-periodic oscillations. Concentrating on the January and February mean TOZ and SN at 17.5 A ; deg ; N and 27.5 A ; deg ; N, TOZ clip series revealed an 11-year signal during the eastern QBO stages and an ENSO signal during the western QBO stages. The correlativity between TOZ and the 11-year solar rhythm, in the east stage of QBO becomes higher for February. Finally, analyzing the February mean MF between 45 A ; deg ; N and 75 A ; deg ; N at 50hPa, during 1979 – 2010, eastern stages of QBO seemed to do an obvious anticorrelation between MF and the 11-year solar rhythm. How to cite Total Ozone And 11 Year Solar Cycle Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Disneys Success free essay sample

A corporate powerhouse Name: Tang Chen Xi Matriculation number: A0070708H Tutorial Group: W1 (Monday 12 ~ 1pm) Tutor: MS Anuradha Rao Preface Walter Elias Disney was an accomplished genius of the 19th, 20th century and is responsible for establishing one of the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world: The Walt Disney Company. The Walt Disney Company generates some US$40 billion in annual revenue (â€Å"Disney CEO,† 2011) effortlessly; theme parks like Disneyland and DisneySea draw visitors by the millions every and merchandise are available everywhere. Nevertheless, as this consumerist culture becomes even more prominent in the 21st century, cultural production of Disney products has definitely changed and Disney increasingly finds the need to adapt to different situations and accommodate to the on-going process of globalization. How Disney manages to become a successful multi-media conglomerate is of particular interest to me. Disney is also notoriously known for promoting the capitalist system and this is worth researching especially in a globalizing age where cultural products have the capacity to permeate transnational borders. We will write a custom essay sample on Disneys Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page